Cytotoxicity of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with vincristine sulfate for intravenous drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo studies

One common approach for treating cancer is chemotherapy. The extremely low distribution efficiency and lack of specificity of anticancer medications might occasionally limit systemic chemotherapy due to the lack of targeting and the existence of severe toxic side effects. Bioengineered from bovine serum albumin, the protein's viability was assessed by loading it into nanoparticles intended for intravenous delivery of vincristine sulfate for cancer treatment. Utilizing the desolvation process, cross-linked nanoparticles containing vincristine sulfate and made of albumin were created. This work examined the produced nanoparticles' in vitro and in vivo properties. After effective preparation, the bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with vincristine sulfate had a spherical shape and a small particle size of 162.70 nm, as confirmed by a transmission electron microscope. In comparison to the standard vincristine solution, the nanoparticles showed sustained cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and primary dermal fibroblast normal cell line (HDFn) cells. The nanoparticle-treated group did not exhibit appreciable histological alterations compared to the control group. In conclusion, albumin nanoparticles can enhance the distribution of vincristine sulfate to cancer cells, thereby increasing the drug's lethal effect. One promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment involves the development of injectable nano-based medications.