Design and optimization of ibuprofen microemulgel using phase titration for effective and enhanced dermal drug delivery

Background: The oral administration of ibuprofen is limited due to gastrointestinal adverse effects and inadequate solubility, necessitating the development of enhanced cutaneous delivery systems. Objectives: The objective of this study was to create and optimize a microemulgel for ibuprofen to improve solubility, permeability and prolonged release. Methods: Microemulsions were prepared using phase titration utilizing Tween 80, butanol and vegetable oil, thereafter incorporating carbopol gel. Preformulation studies encompassed solubility and partition coefficient. Post-formulation characterization involved globule size, zeta potential, pH, drug content and in-vitro/ex-vivo release analyses. Compatibility was evaluated by utilizing FTIR and DSC techniques. Results: The improved formulation (F3) exhibited a droplet size of 117.5 nm, a zeta potential of -6.47 mV and a drug content of 82.94%. FTIR and DSC analyses validated compatibility. Ex-vivo investigations revealed improved skin permeability and drug release conformed to the Korsmeyer–Pappas model (n = 0.626), signifying non-Fickian diffusion. Conclusion: The formulated ibuprofen microemulgel demonstrated stability, compatibility with skin and prolonged drug release, indicating its potential as an effective option for topical NSAID administration.