Synthesis, characterization, blood biochemical parameters evaluation and antidiabetic potential of thiobarbiturate derivatives

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and is considered one of the top five leading causes of death globally. Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the two newly synthesized thiobarbituric acid analogues for anti-hyperglycemic potential. Method: In experimental animal diabetes was induced using alloxan. The compounds designated as SL1 and SL2 were fed to animals to ameliorate the symptoms of induced diabetes. Level of blood glucose and weight of animals along with other biochemical parameters were monitored daily for four weeks. Antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also evaluated. Results: Safety profile of compounds SL1 and SL2 was confirmed up to 250 mg/kg. Groups treated with SL1 had a substantial reduction in blood glucose levels (127.25±4.81mg/dL and 115.61±4.65 mg/dL) at respective doses, whereas for SL2 the recorded values were 148.98±4.36 mg/dL and 129.81±4.59 mg/dL (p<0.001). The diabetic group of animals treated with SL1 and SL2 significantly reduced HbA1c (p <0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and creatinine. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was effectively enhanced in the treated groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both the compounds were significantly effective in normalizing the symptoms of induced diabetes and changes brought about in other blood parameters in experimental animals.