Therapeutic potential of Lawsonia inermis leaves’ ethanolic extract: In-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and efficacy in severe burn wound healing in Wistar rats

Background: The effective management of third-degree burns remains challenging due to high risks of infection, oxidative stress and prolonged inflammation. While several medicinal plants are traditionally used in wound care, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy is often lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an ointment formulated with the ethanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves on the healing of severe burns. Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Negative control, positive control (standard drug) and test group (L. inermis). Standardized third-degree burns (200?°C for 10?seconds) were induced on the animals’ backs and treated topically for 27 days. Wound contraction was monitored throughout the study and histological analysis was conducted at the end. Additionally, phytochemical screening and in-vitro assays were performed to assess the antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and FIC), anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of the extract. Results: The results demonstrated that Lawsonia inermis exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, its topical application promoted wound healing in a manner comparable to conventional treatments. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of L. inermis as a promising natural alternative for the management of severe burn wounds.