RETRACTED ARTICLE: Preparation of smart PVP/HPMC based IPN hydrogel, its characterization and toxicity evaluation

Following a complaint and technical (editorial) investigation, the authors were requested to provide essential documentation to verify the reliability, validity, and ethical compliance of the study published. Despite repeated reminders, the required documentation was not provided. Specifically, the authors did not correspond or supply: Raw Data: Original, unedited high-resolution microscope capture files and supporting raw laboratory datasets for the toxicity evaluation. Image Documentation and proof of originality: Original source files of Figure 11 (histological panels), with confirmation of their originality and linkage to the raw dataset (due to suspected image reuse and unauthorized duplication across panels). Laboratory Records: Relevant lab logbooks and supporting documentation verifying the experimental timeline. Clarification of Methodology: Clear description and additional supporting information for the histological sample preparation and image acquisition procedures for methodological transparency. Moreover, in the next stage, the institution was approached following COPE procedures—specifically through the Directorate of Advanced Studies and the Dean of the Faculty. Correspondence at that stage did not yield any communication from the author eitherThe absence of these critical materials undermines confidence in the integrity and validity of the published findings. In accordance with the journal’s ethical policies and guidance following the best practices of ‘Committee on Publication Ethics’ (COPE), this article is retracted to maintain the accuracy and transparency of the scientific record. The retracted article will remain accessible online, but it will be clearly marked as “Retracted” on each page.