Analysis of the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women and the influencing factors of preeclampsia

This study explores the effect of aspirin on preeclampsia (PE) and analyzes the influencing factors of PE in high-risk pregnant women. We encompassed 110 high-risk pregnant women receiving prenatal examination at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yichang City between January 2022 and December 2023, categorized them into the intervention group(n=58,received aspirin therapy), and the control group(n=52,didn’t receive pharmaceutical prophylaxis). Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between groups, with logistic regression performed.The intervention group demonstrated significantly lower PE incidence (25.00% vs 46.55%, P=0.019, 95% CI:[0.170,0.862]), reduced preterm birth (28.85% vs 60.34%, P<0.001, 95%CI:[0.120,0.592]), and decreased neonatal asphyxia (1.92% vs 17.24%, P=0.008, 95% CI:[0.012,0.763]), longer delivery pregnancy week (P<0.001,95%CI:[-2.100,-0.725]), higher neonatal birth weight(P=0.018,95%CI: [-319.524,-30.332]), and improved 1-minute Apgar scores(P=0.001,95%CI:[-1,0]). Coagulation profiles revealed elevated PT(P<0.001, 95%CI:[-3.423,-2.355]) and APTT(P<0.001, 95%CI:[-6.544,-4.473]), with reduced D-dimer (P<0.001, 95%CI:[0.776,0.887]) and FIB levels (P<0.001,95%CI:[0.389,1.068]). Logistic regression identified that age ?35 years old and BMI?28Kg/m2 were risk factors for PE in high-risk pregnant women(P=0.006,OR=3.701,95% CI:1.445-9.475; P=0.001, OR=4.529, 95% CI:1.818-11.281), aspirin use was a protective factor for PE in high-risk pregnant women (P=0.005, OR=0.260, 95% CI:0.101-0.667). Aspirin demonstrates efficacy in safeguarding against PE in women who are at an increased risk of developing the condition.