Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of semaglutide on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its impact on improving C-peptide levels in patients. We selected 80 hospitalized T2DM patients from January 2022 to December 2023. All patients received conventional treatment and continued oral metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets. The control group received subcutaneous insulin aspart injections, while the observation group received subcutaneous semaglutide injections. We measured fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and the time to reach target blood glucose levels before treatment and after 3 months. Serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunoassay and vasodilation function (FMD) was calculated. Fasting C-peptide and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were measured and the insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) was calculated. After 3 months of treatment, the observation group had significantly lower 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (9.01±0.53 mmol/L) and fasting blood glucose levels (6.13±0.68 mmol/L) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The time to reach target blood glucose was shorter in the observation group (3.88±0.69 days) than in the control group (5.73±1.01 days) (P<0.05). Additionally, the observation group exhibited lower serum ET-1 levels (70.48±5.20ng/L) and higher FMD (5.13±0.54%) compared to the control group (P<0.05). Both groups showed increased fasting insulin and C-peptide levels after treatment, with the observation group showing a more significant reduction in Homa-IR (5.31±0.50) compared to the control group (5.97± 0.47) (P<0.05). Semaglutide significantly enhances treatment efficacy in T2DM, effectively regulates blood glucose levels, reduces fasting C-peptide and insulin levels and improves insulin resistance, demonstrating high clinical application value.